Isolationism in Metamorphosis

Isolationism in Metamorphosis Isolationism in Metamorphosis and Notes from Underground World Literature: Paper 2 The common theme in both Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky is isolationism. Both of these literary works contain different examples of isolationism in order to convey the same concept. Seclusion exists in both novels, resulting in the direct flaw of each of the main characters. The difference that Kafka and Dostoyevsky present in their use of isolationism in Metamorphosis and Notes from Underground is how each character is secluded. Kafka writes about the progressive solitude of one character being forced into isolation by others. On the other hand, Dostoyevskys entire novel is about the Underground Man, who lives all by his lonesome and is forced to look back on his youthful experiences. These frequent occurrences have lead to the Underground Mans solitude. However, in both novels, the end results of the main characters in Metamorphosis and Notes from Underground are similar because both individuals actions lead to their own demise. At the beginning of novel, Metamorphosis, Kafka introduces the main character, Gregor Samsa. After waking up to find himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect, Gregor can only think of the repercussions he will suffer for being late to his job. Gregor works as a traveling sales clerk (Kafka 1). He would have quit a long time ago, but Gregor knows that his family depends on him for the money he makes and, ultimately, their own existence. Without his salary, the Samsa family will not survive. After making futile attempts to put on his clothes and above all eat breakfast (Kafka 7), Gregors boss comes to check on his employee. Reluctantly, Gregor reveals his true identity as an insect. Gregors father forces him to go to his room, more specifically, isolationism, which had merely the fixed idea of driving Gregor back into his room as quickly as possible (Kafka 31). Due to the size and proportion of Gregors new physical appearance, the progression into solitude inflicted a mass ive amount of pain on Gregor. On the other hand, the first part of Notes from Underground, the Underground Man, also the narrator, describes the setting of the novel and defines his own existence. The Underground, the first words the Underground Man describes about himself are, I am a sick man . . . I am an angry man. I am an unattractive man (Dostoyevsky 15). These words tell the reader the ways in which society, from the Underground Mans youth, has destroyed him as an individual. Also, it makes the reader aware of his low self-esteem. The Underground Man, somehow, utilizes his own sorrow to make himself feel better. He believes that his own self-loathing and unkindness have crippled and corrupted his attitude as well as the people around him. Yet, it is apparent that the Underground Man takes will not take the initiative to change. Due to the impact of societal woes, the Underground Man takes comfort in his own pains, like toothaches or liver ailments. The ability for him to control the aching from his illness is a way for the Underground Man to hide from the actual pain from society. He is not proud of the man he has become over the years and scorns himself for his many wrong doings. One thing that is important for the Underground Man to obliterate is his negative approach to life, in order to thrive. However, the journey that he takes to seek optimism disappears because the Underground Man becomes too lethargic and lazy. As isolation approaches in Metamorphosis, Gregor becomes more and more like an insect. His change from human to bug also becomes evident in his choice of food. The meals he once liked are now distasteful and unappealing to him, although milk had been his favorite drink and that was certainly why his sister had set it there for him, indeed it was almost with repulsion that he turned away from the basin and crawled back to the middle of the room (Kafka 32). Because Gregor knows he will no longer be accepted by his family as an insect, he gives up and secludes himself in his room. Throughout the book, there is a part of Gregor that continues to fight for his own freedom because he still wants to seek equality. He has the desire to break away from his solitary state, but no way of caring out his escape. The one thing that continues to fuel Gregor is the music from Gretes, his sisters, violin. Grete does not want her family to neglect Gregor because he has turned into an insect. She belie ves that no matter the shape of his physical features, Gregor will always be her brother. It seems as though Grete does not want to acknowledge or be convinced that her brother is a bug and will never be the same person. However, it is inevitable that Grete will soon abandon her brother. Their separation continues to become progressively more apparent. Gregor continuously is left alone in his room, all by his lonesome. By the end of the novel, Gregor becomes invisible to his own family. One reason Gregor dies is because of the realization that he is nothing more than an insect without a family or a purpose. Once again, he is left in his isolated room to die, alone. In the second part of Notes from Underground, Apropos of the Wet Snow, the Underground Man comes across numerous prostitutes, many soldiers, and a few past schoolmates. However, the Underground Man intentionally alienates himself from these people by not acknowledging their existence. He makes himself appear to be incapable of interacting with these uneducated low lives. It is as if he does not want to make an effort to communicate because he fears his own humiliation. So, instead, he treats them with disgust and fear for his own life. Liza is the whore and the vehicle for Dostoyevskys message of the power of selfless love. She comes to the Underground Mans apartment one night to speak to the Underground Man. Instead of treating Liza with the love she deserves, he continues to insult her, repeatedly. These social acquaintances cause the Underground Man much remorse and regret. And, once Liza leaves his apartment, the Underground Man is left, again, in solitude. Examples of seclusion are used constantly by both Franz Kafka and Fyodor Dostoyevsky to convey the idea of isolationism. In these two novels, the solitary state of both characters leads to their downfall. In both of these examples, isolation leads to the demise of the main characters, Gregor Samsa and the Underground Man, even though the motives and basiss were different. Gregor crawls his own life away because of the pain of being secluded by his own family members. On the contrary, the Underground Man never truly lives his life because of the distain he has for himself and society. The Underground Man hides his personality and beliefs because he fears societys judgment and ridicule. The isolation that both characters endure leads to their own destruction. Works Cited Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. Notes from Underground and The Double. New York: Penguin Books, 1972. Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis and Other Stories. New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2003.

Case Writeups : Sealed Air Corporation Essay

1) What has been happening in this market? How has Sealed Air (SA) been doing? To what do you attribute SA’s success? Sealed Air had achieved 25% annual growth in net sales and net earnings from 1971 to 1980. The company has been keeping a technical leadership position in the market. During 10 years, the company built on its development of the first-cell, lightweight cushioning material, introduced the first foam-in-place packaging system, and engineered the first complete solar heating system for swimming pools. Regarding the protective packaging market, the Sealed Air’s product AirCap has the feature that differentiated called â€Å"barrier-coating†. Barrier-coatng and its customer benefits had been the major driving force of Sealed Air’s AirCap cushioning sales for 10 years. Thus, Sealed Air created value to its customers by building high technical product quality in its coated bubbles and by informing the customers about the benefits of coated bubbles through the efforts of its salespeople. Sealed Air’s salespeople also did â€Å"consultative selling approach† to increase its market share and profits. Moreover, the company created value for its distributors by the strength of its brand equity and the strong demand for its products. The company also used selective distribution policy with less competition among distributors and thus this policy makes the distributors’ profit margins maximized. 2) Should SA introduce an uncoated bubble in the U.S market to compete with GAFCEL? Why or why not? – SA should introduce an uncoated bubble for the following reasons Introducing uncoated bubbles can allow Sealed Air to retain these customers whose needs are met with uncoated bubbles. It seems that GAFCEL’s ability to get sales at the rate of $1 Million/year with only 1.5 salespeople from only the New York market is a strong indication that the uncoated bubble is going to be a strong competitor for Sealed Air’s coated bubble business. Introducing uncoated bubbles would require no additional capital or R&D investment on this case. This cost saving could be a competitive advantage over GAFCEL. Distributors need to stock uncoated bubbles for their sales. If Sealed Air does not have uncoated bubbles, distributors can end up selling other  companies’ (such as GAFCEL) uncoated bubbles. This would hurt Sealed Air’s relationship with these distributors. – SA should NOT introduce an uncoated bubble for the following reasons Distributors sometimes complained about the level of AirCap selling effort. Since distributor’s margins on AirCap cushioning were generally higher than the 10% to 12% for Instapak, distributors were not happy. Also, their margins for uncoated products make them not happy compared to AirCap product. Sealed Air in the market is a technology leader. It has had a history of innovations. Introducing uncoated bubbles would mean introducing a me-too product. This could hurt the company’s reputation and brand equity in the market place. For years, Sealed Air has told the customers that coated bubbles are better than uncoated bubbles. It is impossible for the company to tell the market that the uncoated bubble is as good as coated bubbles. The company would definitely lose its credibility as the technology expert in the marketplace. This is not about confusion, but about the trustworthiness of the company in the customers’ perspectives. A similar situation can happen with respect to the salespeople. If the company now tells the salespeople that uncoated bubbles equally good for some applications, the company would lose its credibility among the sales people. There can a problem on getting the salespeople motivated for the new product. If the salespeople have to sell the lower priced bubbles, then their commission income will get reduced. 3) Assuming an uncoated bubble is introduced, propose a marketing plan for the product, including: positioning & targeting, pricing, branding, direct sales strategy and channel policy I would propose a marketing plan for differentiation between a coated and an uncoated bubble. First of all, Sealed Air should keep the current brand equity status not affected by an uncoated bubble launched especially in the U.S market. It is important to develop intensive salespeople directed at distributors focusing on their high profit margin because the distributors don’t want well-trained salespeople to be allocated to an uncoated product which leads to lower margin. Regarding consumer perspectives, the company  should keep its brand status of the coated as it participates in exhibition shows. Regarding customers, the company should provide additional services to the coated customers and different packaging for the different grades product to offset the effects of lower prices of competing uncoated bubbles. Different product usage can be applied. For the important and fragile products such as laptops to be protected, a coated bubble should be used. For the comparatively less fragile products, a coated bubble can be used. This differentiation will be able to make different market value positioning for consumers under uncoated bubble launched. In the European market where packaging supplies are viewed as â€Å"expendable commodities†, Sealed Air should cut prices of the products affected by the uncoated bubble. Additionally, the company should focus on uncoated because the European consumes are so price sensitive. Instead of focusing on salespeople, the company should be aligned with some hyper and mass merchants for volume sales on an uncoated bubble. Also, the company expands channel pipeline to use direct mail and trade shows to target smaller businesses. 4) Assuming an uncoated bubble is introduced, what changes would you make to the marketing plan for the existing, coated bubble? Given how successful the product line has been, would you just leave it to be? Although, marketing cost rises up, I would recommend use different brand name. If the company stays with the current name, there would be some confusion about Sealed Air’s products and some dilution of the brand equity of the current name because the new product is totally different from the current products. Some of this problem can be mitigated if the company launches the uncoated bubbles under a different name. Also, product differentiation such as color or shape change can be one of the solutions. The differentiation can make consumers and distributors not confused about high valued coated products. In others words, the uncoated bubble product cannot hurt brand equity of the current product.

Rationalism in Architecture

IntroductionRationalism began as a seventeenth century political orientation that led to the Enlightenment, a period in history where ground was the primary instrument for warranting and understanding the aˆ?howsaˆ? and aˆ?whysaˆ? of things and fortunes. The Enlightenment was a clip where concrete grounds through scientific research flourished and Rationalism influenced all field of enterprises and even simple day-to-day undertakings. [ 1 ] In layperson footings, to be rational is to be apprehensible, mensurable or definite. Using this as premiss, Rationalism in architecture therefore pertains to accuracy in planing and constructing the tallness, comprehensiveness or deepness of a construction. Architectural Rationalism was a solid grounds of the Enlightenment influence in the field of architecture. It continues to prevail in the modern universe as an independent art motion though much of the modern Rationalist designs have small resemblance to Enlightenment architect ure. Henceforth, this essay attempts to contextualize Rationalism by distinguishing its two discrepancies: eighteenth century Rationalism and the recent twentieth century development. The similarities and differences of their several designs and, if possible, maps are noted to give us an thought on how Rationalism has evolved as an architectural political orientation. The essay besides includes treatments on sub-movements, their innovators and their hallmarks.eighteenth Century RationalismThe Enlightenment Architectural Rationalism was focused on being symmetrical, holding accurate measurings of authoritative forms, and functionality. It clearly reflected the spirit of the times where scientific discipline, mathematics and logic were at the extremum of their influence. Neoclassicism was a widespread motion under the Rationalist wing. It was established in reaction to the royal poinciana and apparently inordinate Baroque and Rococo manners. During the neoclassicist roar, many graphicss and structural designs of the classical Graeco-Roman epoch were recalled together with the architectural plants of Italian Andrea Palladio. [ 2 ] The motion was named aˆ?neoclassical, aˆ? as opposed to pure classicalism, as non every classical design was applied in this. Neoclassicists merely selected from the broad array of designs those executable to society. Neoclassicist designs were characterized as follows: symmetricalness, columns that functioned as support, minimalistic design composed of basic geometric forms, and an overlaid triangular gable normally known as pediment. The symmetricalness, functionality, and geometrical facets of the neoclassicist motion were specifying features of the Rationalist political orientation. [ 3 ]The Pediment [ 4 ] A Colu mn [ 5 ]Existing in the sixteenth century towards the apogee of the Renaissance period, Andrea Palladio was the first known designer to resuscitate and use the classical designs of Graeco-Roman society in many Villas, castles and basilicas. His architecture became an indispensable foundation of Enlightenment Architecture. As a dedicated follower of Vitruvius and his dateless rule of aˆ?firmitas, utilitas, venustas, aˆ? Palladio carefully ensured that his structural designs were lasting, utile, and attractive as stipulated by Vitruvius in his ten-volume chef-d'oeuvre aˆ?De Architectura.aˆ? Palladio was besides peculiar about proportions and seting a intent on every structural constituent. [ 6 ] For case, a portico or patio must be utilized in such a manner that the environing scenery was seen in its full glorification. He wanted geographical properties of the estate to fit with the house ‘s structural design. The palazzos, Villas and basilicas he designed displa yed the blending values of beauty and the societal environment and place of their several proprietors. An urban palazzo was different from a provincial palazzo ; similarly, an agricultural Villa was different from a residential Villa. Palladio designed constructions harmonizing to their context. [ 7 ] Palladio had contributed several design inventions in public edifices and churches. Most Palladian plants were made of low-cost stuffs, normally stucco, traditionally made with lime, sand and H2O, to cover and adhere bricks. His urban constructions for esteemed Venetian proprietors had high classical porticos with pediments that extended every bit far as the 2nd floor and were supported by elephantine colonnades. These porticos were raised above land degree and on the same degree as the remainder of the land floor. This raised floor called aˆ?piano nobile, aˆ? was reused in ulterior fluctuations of neoclassical architecture. Palazzo Chiericati in the metropolis of Vicenza was a all right illustration of this urban construction. [ 8 ]Palazzo Chiericati ( 1550-1557 ) [ 9 ]Rural Villas were instead different. Alternatively of the piano nobile, there was an elevated dais bordered by lower service wings, connected with an elegant curving flight of stepss. The proprietor maintained abode at the elevated part. Villa Foscari ( besides La Malcontenta ) was among the mid-16th century designs of Palladio that employed this celebrated edifice format.Villa Foscari ( 1559 ) [ 10 ]The 1570 publication of Palladio ‘s work aˆ?Quattro Libri dell'Architetturaaˆ? ( The Four Books of Architecture ) , stretched his influence far beyond his place state Italy. Palladio ‘s architectural drawings and treatments contained in the book set the phase for neoclassicist enlargement in the cardinal European states of France, Britain, Ireland, Spain and Germany. [ 11 ] Even more singular was his influence in colonial and post-colonial America, where his designs were replicated in the houses of well-known households, province edifices and even the private residence of Thomas Jefferson, the freedom President. [ 12 ] Along with Palladio ‘s treatise, the unearthing and find of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Roman towns destroyed by volcanic eruption during the classical period, was thought to animate the interior designs of eighteenth century European houses and buildings. [ 13 ]The Ruins of Pompeii [ 14 ] Interior View of a Herculaneum House [ 15 ]In Europe, neoclassicist architecture developed at different gaits. Some beginnings estimated that the motion reached its extremum in France with A†°tienne-Louis BoullA ©e and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The two designers followed rules of reason into their Classical divine designs. BoullA ©e was known for blending geometry with the standard classics. This original neoclassical divergence might hold been influenced by his work as an pedagogue and philosopher at aˆ?A†°cole Nationale des Ponts et ChaussA ©es.aˆ? Like most neoclassicists, his designs were minimalistic, devoid of ornamentation, bold plenty to reiterate certain structural constituents, particularly if they were functional ( i.e. columns ) , and sought to stress the intent of the construction and its parts. BoullA ©e besid es proposed a empty tomb, an about 500-foot sphere rooted on a unit of ammunition foundation, for the English scientist Isaac Newton. This was non executable to construct but as a professional engraving, the manner gained prominence. BoullA ©e ‘s plants were subsequently revived by twentieth century Positivists and more popularly by celebrated Modernist designer, Aldo Rossi. Contemporary designers found his designs alone and really imaginative – although some would see them aˆ?illusions of grandeur.aˆ? The HA?tel Alexandre in Paris, known for its flanking courtyard doors and Corinthian columns, was one of BoullA ©e ‘s lasting plants. [ 16 ] Cenotaph for Newton ( 1784 ) [ 17 ] HA?tel Alexandre ( 1763-66 ) [ 18 ]Like his compatriot, Ledoux was really idealistic in his architecture, ever desiring to aˆ?build with a purpose.aˆ? For this he and BoullA ©e were branded aˆ?Utopians.aˆ? [ 19 ] Ledoux designed many theaters, hotels, residential places, and edifices, supplied with rotundas, columns and domes from the Graeco-Roman period. His known architectural invention was the aˆ?architectonic order, aˆ? best exhibited through his design on the Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans. He was appointed Royal Architect for the express intent of constructing a structural design for expeditiously pull outing salt. The Royal Saltworks became a important illustration of eighteenth century Architectural Rationalism for its extended usage of geometry and logical agreement of forms to ease the extraction and transit procedures. Another design was drawn after the first was disapproved. [ 20 ]Facade of the Royal Saltwork s, France [ 21 ]Aerial View of Ledoux ‘ Second Design ( 1804 ) [ 22 ]There were many other outstanding figures under the neoclassical motion but few were every bit Utopian as the plants of BoullA ©e and Ledoux. Gallic writer-teacher-architect Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand influenced several German Positivists by adding rules of economic system and convenience to the bing architectural Utopia. [ 23 ] The ulterior renderings of neoclassicism in Britain, America, and Spain disregarded the fond regard to symmetry and geometry that Palladio himself and the Gallic neoclassicists were really peculiar. However, they did retain much of the functionality facet. For illustration, neo-Palladian British designers William Kent and Indigo Jones invented the flanking wings to give more infinite in the house inside. [ 24 ] This concern for using infinite was still an original of eighteenth century Rationalism.twentieth Century Rationalismtwentieth century Rationalist architecture was interchange ably called Neo-Rationalist. Although the designs were different from eighteenth century rationalism, neo-Rationalists continued to pattern of import rules of Rationalist Architecture. The simplistic signifier and ornamentation was still retained ; the functionality facet became known as aˆ?theme.aˆ? In fact, as many historiographers claimed, neo-Rationalism was an development of eighteenth century Enlightenment Architecture. [ 25 ] The demand to warrant architectural plants remained strong as it had so. The Enlightenment brought about the Industrial Revolution around 18th-19th centuries. The effects lasted and were carried over to the twentieth century, where industrialisation became a craze. Economic promotion was no longer associated with brick and wood but with new elements like steel, Fe and glass. As industrialisation reached its extremum in the twentieth century, the turning importance of machinery led to the development of an aˆ?industrial architecture, aˆ? c omposed of those new elements. [ 26 ] Modernism was the dominant rationalist motion of the 1900s. It fundamentally aimed to use new stuffs suited to the spirit of industrialisation and free designers from the bondage of manners, which curtailed single touches. The plants of early Modernists Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius in Germany and Frenchman Le Corbusier were largely merchandises of socio-political revolutions. Following World War I, the German Modernist ventured into new constructions that aˆ?meet societal needs.aˆ? [ 27 ] The Bauhaus design school resulted from this venture. Bauhaus became identified as the aˆ?International Style, aˆ? adopted by many Modern structural designs in assorted states. [ 28 ] The following are celebrated illustrations of Bauhaus architecture:The UN New York Base by Le Corbusier [ 29 ] The Gropius Residence in Lincoln [ 30 ]The International Style was characterized by rational rules of minimal art and functional design and construction. Neoclassic pediments, co lumns and flanking wings were replaced by rectangular forms of concrete cement, steel, and other new elements. There were barely hints of peculiar civilizations or societal context and a impersonal architecture that was universally applicable prevailed. [ 31 ] Modernists like Frank Lloyd Wright tried to equilibrate nature and structural designs. [ 32 ] Later, Postmodernist motions emerged to deconstruct the catholicity of Bauhaus and inculcate aˆ?local identitiesaˆ? into modern architecture so it can link with people ‘s sentiments. [ 33 ] Aldo Rossi, Italian theorist-architect-designer-artist, was among the famed Postmodernists. His valuable part to urban architecture was constructing modern-day constructions without pretermiting the historical value of the metropolis or site where it would be built. He stressed the societal significance of memorials and graveyards and besides advocated that constructions be strong plenty for wining coevalss to witness. [ 34 ] San Cataldo Cemetery expanded by Rossi ( 1971 ) [ 35 ] Bonnefanten Museum, Maastricht by Rossi ( 1990-1994 ) [ 36 ]Decision18th and twentieth century Architectural Rationalists are linked by the ancient rules of aˆ?utilitas, firmitas, venustas.aˆ? Their several motions were by and large non-ornamental and utile in construction, design and subject. In the country of symmetricalness, the usage of geometrical forms, and projecting cultural and single sentiments, the two Rationalist governments differ. eighteenth century Positivists were unified in recommending truth and beauty in architecture while neo-Rationalists had single contradictions. [ 37 ] Nevertheless, both strands justified Architecture ‘s major functions in society and in people ‘s lives. [ 1 ] Hackett Lewis. ( 1992 ) aˆ?The age if enlightenment, aˆ? History World International at hypertext transfer protocol: //history-world.org/age_of_enlightenment.htm [ 2 ] Steve Fallon & A ; Nicola Williams. ( 2008 ) Paris: metropolis usher, United Kingdom, Lonely Planet Publications, p. 48. [ 4 ] University of Pittsburgh at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pitt.edu/~medart/menuglossary/pediment.htm [ 5 ] Old House Web at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oldhouseweb.com/architecture-and-design/greek-revival-1820-1850.shtml [ 6 ] Bernd Evers, Christof Thoenes & A ; Kunstbibliothek. ( 2003 ) Architectural theory: from the Renaissance to the present, Germany, TASCHEN pp. 6-7. [ 7 ] Sam Smiles & A ; Stephanie Moser. ( 2005 ) Visualizing the yesteryear: archeology and the image, Maine, Blackwell Publishing pp. 98-114. [ 8 ] Douglas Lewis, Andrea Palladio & A ; International Exhibitions Foundation. ( 1981 ) The drawings of Andrea Palladio, Texas, The Foundation, pp. 158-163. [ 9 ] Essential Architecture at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/STY-E14.htm [ 11 ] Caroline Clifton-Mogg. ( 1991 ) The neoclassical beginning book, New York, Rizzoli, pp. 88-175. [ 12 ] David Watkin. ( 2005 ) A history of western architecture, London, Laurence King pp. 114-513. [ 13 ] H. Keethe Beebe. ( 1975 ) aˆ?Domestic Architecture and the New Testament, aˆ? The Biblical Archeologists, volume 38, figure 3/4, pp. 89-104. [ 14 ] Virtual Tourist at hypertext transfer protocol: //cache.virtualtourist.com/1898061-Pompeii-Pompeii.jpg [ 16 ] Helen Rosenau. ( 1976 ) BoullA ©e & A ; airy architecture, New York, Harmony Books pp. 1-27. [ 19 ] Barry Bergdoll. ( 2000 ) European architecture, 1750-1890, New York, Oxford University Press p. 97. [ 20 ] Elizabeth Basye Gilmore Holt. ( 1966 ) From the classicists to the impressionists: art and architecture in the 19th century, Connecticut, Yale University Press pp. 227-311. [ 21 ] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at hypertext transfer protocol: //whc.unesco.org/en/list/203 [ 23 ] Joy Monice Malnar & A ; Frank Vodvarka. ( 2004 ) Sensor design, Minneapolis, The University of Minnesota Press p. 8. [ 24 ] Inigo Jones, William Kent. ( 1727 ) The designs of Inigo Jones: consisting of programs and lifts for publick, England, W. Kent pp. 1-73. [ 25 ] Christopher Crouch. ( 2000 ) Modernism in Art Design and Architecture, New York, St. Martin ‘s Press pp. 1-10. [ 26 ] aˆ?Industrial architecture, aˆ? EncyclopA ¦dia Britannica Online at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/286910/industrial-architecture [ 27 ] Richard J. Evans. ( 2003 ) The coming of the 3rd Reich, New York, The Penguin Press, pp. 122-123. [ 28 ] Henry Russell Hitchcock & A ; Philip Johnson. ( 1997 ) The International Style, New York, W. W. Norton & A ; Company, pp. 1-5. [ 29 ] aˆ?International Styleaˆ? at hypertext transfer protocol: //architecture.about.com/od/20thcenturytrends/ig/Modern-Architecture/International-Style.htm [ 30 ] The Digital Archive of American Architecture at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/fa267/gropius.html [ 31 ] Hazel Conway & A ; Rowan Roenisch. ( 1994 ) Understanding architecture: an debut to architecture and architectural history, London, Routledge pp. 22-24. [ 32 ] Kathleen Karlsen. aˆ?Saving Civilization Through Architecture – Rationalism and the International Style, aˆ? at hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? Saving-Civilization-Through-Architecture — -Rationalism-and-the-International-Style & A ; id=888138 [ 33 ] Hazel Conway & A ; Rowan Roenisch. ( 1994 ) Understanding architecture: an debut to architecture and architectural history, London, Routledge pp. 22. [ 34 ] Terry Kirk. ( 2005 ) The architecture of modern Italy, volume 2: visions of utopia 1900-present, New York, Princeton University Press pp. 208-214. [ 35 ] Cornell University Blog at hypertext transfer protocol: //blogs.cornell.edu/tim/2008/09/21/cities-sites/ [ 36 ] Brian Rose at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.brianrose.com/portfolio/bonnefanten/bonnefan.htm [ 37 ] Sarah Williams Goldhagen. aˆ?Ultraviolet: Alvar Aalto ‘s corporal Rationalism, aˆ? Harvard Design Magazine at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sarahwilliamsgoldhagen.com/articles/Ultraviolet.pdf

The Noose Tightens For Two Important Reasons - 961 Words

The chapter is titled â€Å"The Noose Tightens† for two important reasons. First, most directly they arrested Nahum Cohn and his son friends of Anja’s father and hung them. Secondly, Vladek and his family start to face the hardships brought on by the Nazis. During this chapter it is evident that the Nazis are trying to create a difficult environment for the Jews. They begin rationing goods and making it harder for Vladek’s family to work. Most of the business done by Vladek or his father-in-law must be dealt with on the black market in order for the family to get their basic needs. Nahum Cohn and two other Jews were taken away for dealing goods without coupons. Vladek’s and him father-in-law did quite a bit of business with him because he owned a dry goods store. Vladek also says he traded with one of the other men Pfefer, a Zionist. The German’s hung the Jews in the street for a week to make an example. It no doubt was a large impact on Vladek. Thr oughout this whole chapter we see instances where the German’s tighten their authority on the Jews. German’s would take Jews for breaking minor laws or even no laws at all. It was harder to acquire a good amount of food. It was harder to find work or continue working in their old line of work. They were forced to move to from their home. Sell personal belongings. Family members taken away like Anja’s grandparents. Many time they were corralled up with no idea what was happening a dilemma they faced at the stadium at Sosnowiec. ThisShow MoreRelatedModern Politics And International Relations1805 Words   |  8 Pagesby Stephen Walt in â€Å"Alliances: Balancing and Bandwagoning,† operates on sets of realist assumptions discussed below. The first is that the most important goal of a state is to survive because without survival, there can be nothing else. Realists admit that there are other things that are important besides survival but also point out that t hese important things are impossible to attain unless a state can survive first. Secondly, states are unpredictable: therefore they must be suspected of havingRead MoreGovernmental Influence on Trade4904 Words   |  20 Pagesgovernmental trade policies Chapter Overview A government’s political objectives are sometimes at odds with its economic proposals to improve a nation’s market efficiency and international competitiveness. Chapter Seven begins by discussing the reasons why and the ways in which governments intervene in the international trade process. It then examines the economic and the noneconomic effects of those actions upon participants in that process. Finally, the chapter considers the principle instrumentsRead MoreAbortion Must be an Option for Parents of Disabled Children Essay4296 Words   |  18 PagesAbstract Certain reasons and factors should allow women carrying children with physical and mental disabilities the choice of abortion with them knowing that they cannot fully provide for their children emotionally, financially and even physically. This report discusses these reasons and their implications; justifies the need for the action that is considered â€Å"murder† in most societies and sheds light on the hard truth for those few who have been dealt with the unfortunate situation of having childrenRead MoreRealism Theory and Narcoterrorism Essays7379 Words   |  30 Pageskm of land, approximately three times the size of California. However, according to the CIA World Factbook it is estimated that only 2.1% of the land is arable, 1.37% is already used for permanent crops, and the rest of its 96% is used for â€Å"other† reasons. According to the 2008 World Drug Report, over 99,000 ha of Columbian land is used for cocaine cultivation. Due to its ongoing civil wars and weak democratic government, Columbia has become a haven for narco-terrorism. Insurgent groups such as the